Head Injury
- alteration in the anatomical structure of the head
Mechanism of Injury
a. acceleration- immobile head is struck by a moving object
b. deceleration- moving head is struck by an immobile object
c. deformation- disruption of a body part
Types
1. Scalp Injury
-minor type of head injury
-profuse bleeding- blood vessels poorly constricts
2. Skull Injury
-break in the continuity of the skull with or without brain injury
Types
a. linear- least fatal
- appears like a hairline
b. comminuted- crush bones into fragments
c. depressed- most fatal
- a portion of the skull is driven inward
- altered LOC
d. basilar- occurs at the base of the skull
Manifestation
1. battle's sign- ecchymosis at the back of the ear
2. raccoon's eye- ecchymosis around the eye
3. CSF leakage
3. Brain Injury
a. concussion- bruises
- LOC for 5 minutes
- jarring of the brain- dizziness
- spots before the eyes
b. contussion- there is structural damage
- LOC for long period
c. coup- damage in the site of impact
d. contrcoup- opposite and reverse blow
Management
a. Corticosteroids
b. Anticonvulsants
c. Laxatives
d. Mannitol
Nursing management
a. check for CSF leakage
b. suction secretions
Mechanism of Injury
a. acceleration- immobile head is struck by a moving object
b. deceleration- moving head is struck by an immobile object
c. deformation- disruption of a body part
Types
1. Scalp Injury
-minor type of head injury
-profuse bleeding- blood vessels poorly constricts
2. Skull Injury
-break in the continuity of the skull with or without brain injury
Types
a. linear- least fatal
- appears like a hairline
b. comminuted- crush bones into fragments
c. depressed- most fatal
- a portion of the skull is driven inward
- altered LOC
d. basilar- occurs at the base of the skull
Manifestation
1. battle's sign- ecchymosis at the back of the ear
2. raccoon's eye- ecchymosis around the eye
3. CSF leakage
3. Brain Injury
a. concussion- bruises
- LOC for 5 minutes
- jarring of the brain- dizziness
- spots before the eyes
b. contussion- there is structural damage
- LOC for long period
c. coup- damage in the site of impact
d. contrcoup- opposite and reverse blow
Management
a. Corticosteroids
b. Anticonvulsants
c. Laxatives
d. Mannitol
Nursing management
a. check for CSF leakage
b. suction secretions
Categories:
Medical Surgical Nursing
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